This study investigates the effects of Cement, gypsum and recycling concrete on compaction properties of the clayey soil. Inorganic clay with low Plasticity was used in this study as a natural soil. For this purpose a series of laboratory experiments have been implemented and varieties of samples were made by mixing cement, gypsum and recycling concrete with natural soil. Three different percentages of cement (3%, 6% and 9%), three different percentages of gypsum and recycling concrete (3%, 6% and 9%) were used as stabilization materials. The results demonstrated that adding cement has a significant effect on increasing the degree of compaction of the soil. In general, the results show that the performance of cement-stabilized soils was superior to gypsum in all the characterizations performed.

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Journal: International Journal of Current Research Vol. 10, Issue, 10, pp.74135-74137, October, 2018

Several buildings founded on shallow foundation in northern Omdurman were subjected to distresses and damages. The soil conditions appeared to be good. The subsurface was constituted of an upper layer (less than 3.0 m depth) of medium dense gravelly sand underlain by very stiff silty sandy clay. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive failure study performed on a badly damaged two story residential building founded on strip foundation placed on clayey gravel in northern Omdurman. The subsoil was investigated by manually excavating test pits, sampling, laboratory testing and performing cone penetration tests, CPT, close to the building. Field plate load tests were carried out on the natural foundation soil by applying a load equals to the maximum computed foundation pressure. The same test was carried out by wetting the soil under the same load. The field tests confirmed the collapsible nature of the clayey gravel soil. The collapse was attributed to the poor “gap” gradation of the clayey gravel, its relatively low density, shape of the gravels and plasticity of the fines. The clayey gravel lost its strength on wetting and collapsed under the relatively high foundation pressure.

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Journal: Published in The Proceedings of the 14th African Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering

Tests on steel columns filled with normal concrete and lightweight concrete were carried out to investigate the actual behavior and the load carrying capacity of such columns. Eight full scale rectangular cross-section columns filled with lightweight aggregate concrete and normal weight aggregate concrete, four specimens each, were tested under axial loads for comparison purposes. The results showed that using lightweight concrete filling instead of normal concrete filling will reduce the weight of columns. At the same time, a high load carrying capacity is achieved.

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Journal: Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, Volume 4, No. 2, 2010

The influence of temperature, flow velocity, gypsum content, salinity of solvent and hole diameter on the amount and rate of dissolution of gypseous rock samples was investigated. The rock samples were obtained from the proposed Al-Fat’ha dam site located approximately 280km to the north of Baghdad city. The gypsum content for these samples ranged from 16% to 90%. Dissolution tests were carried out with the aid of a special system that was modified and manufactured to allow passing water at different speeds through a drilled hole along the center of the rock samples. The amount of dissolution of gypsum was determined under different conditions. The results showed that the amount and rate of gypsum dissolution increased with increasing the temperature of the test. The effect was more pronounced on rock samples with low gypsum content. Increasing the flow velocity also increases the amount and rate of gypsum dissolution. With this parameter, the effect of gypsum content was marginal. Increasing the salinity of the solvent (using low percentages of NaCl additives) has a great influence on the amount and rate of gypsum dissolution, and further increase in the salinity exhibited a marginal increase in the amount of dissolution when compared with the lower salinity concentration. The Tigris river water (as a natural solvent) exhibited a negligible effect on the amount and rate of gypsum dissolution. Increasing the diameter of the hole along the center of the sample increases the inside area exposed to water and hence generates more dissolution

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Journal: Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, Volume 5, No. 3, 2011

Tests on steel tubular columns of rectangular and circular sections filled with normal and lightweight concrete were performed to investigate the behavior of such columns under axial loadings. Comparison between normal and lightweight concrete filled steel columns for different column cross-sections using Euro Code 4 and BS 5400 codes was also conducted. The test results showed that both types of filled columns failed due to overall buckling; while hollow steel columns failed due to local buckling at the ends. According to these results, further interest was taken onto the replacement of normal concrete by lightweight concrete due to its low specific gravity and thermal conductivity.

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Journal: Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, Volume 5, No. 4, 2011

In this research, an experimental study was carried out to investigate the failure modes of eight frames with IPE cross-sections. The study was conducted by subjecting these frames to two equal concentrated loads (applied directly on columns); however, the resulted data was obtained using load cells to record load increments. Comparison between experimental and theoretical results was tabulated by analyzing the eight portal frames using the following methods: 1- Quasilinear analysis. 2- Non-linear material analysis. 3- Codes AISC ASD, and AISC LRFD. For non-linear material analysis, direct tensile and stub column tests were performed to obtain the secant modulus as a function of plastic energy density. A mathematical formula was designed for this purpose using a special computer program. Moreover, a comparison of "AISC LRFD & AISC ASD" with the experimental results were implemented. Furthermore, the non-linear material model was also applied to these Codes. Linear analysis gives a reasonable approximation to deflections before yield occurs. Calculation of buckling loads for different frames using Euler formula, ASD, and finite element quasilinear analysis are significantly overestimate the experimental results. Whereas, incorporating the non-linear material model into the above mentioned methods of analysis brings the values very close to the experimental results.

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Journal: Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol. 08, No. 02, pp. 72-38, June 2015

Granite Powder (GP) and Iron Powder (IP) are industrial byproducts generated from the granite polishing and milling industry in powder form respectively. These byproducts are left largely unused and are hazardous materials to human health because they are airborne and can be easily inhaled. An experimental investigation has been carried out to explore the possibility of using the granite powder and iron powder as a partial replacement of sand in concrete. Twenty cubes and ten beams of concrete with GP and twenty cubes and ten beams of concrete with IP were prepared and tested. The percentages of GP and IP added to replace sand were 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of the sand by weight. It was observed that substitution of 10% of sand by weight with granite powder in concrete was the most effective in increasing the compressive and flexural strength compared to other ratios. The test resulted showed that for 10% ratio of GP in concrete, the increase in the compressive strength was about 30% compared to normal concrete. Similar results were also observed for the flexure. It was also observed that substitution of up to 20% of sand by weight with iron powder in concrete resulted in an increase in compressive and flexural strength of the concrete.

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Journal: S. Ghannam et al. / Sustainable Materials and Technologies 9 (2016) 1–9

This study describes the investigation that carried out to study the effects of Cement, gypsum and wheat husk ash on compaction properties of the clayey soil. Inorganic clay with low Plasticity was used in this study as a natural soil. For this purpose a series of laboratory experiments have been implemented and varieties of samples were made by mixing cement, gypsum and wheat husk ash with natural soil. Three different percentages of gypsum and wheat husk ash (3%, 6% and 9%) used as stabilization materials. The results demonstrated that adding cement has a significant effect on increasing the degree of compaction of the soil samples. In general, the results show that the performance of cement-stabilized soils was superior to gypsum in all the characterizations performed.

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Journal: International Journal of Current Research Vol. 10, Issue, 10, pp.74138-74140, October, 2018

Gravity retaining walls are known to be relatively economic as retaining solution to the heights up to 4m. Gravity walls depend on their mass (stone, concrete) to resist pressure from behind the walls. Many shape gravity retaining walls are used; rectangular, triangular, and trapezoidal. This study focuses on finding the optimum shape design for retaining walls. The cost of the gravity retaining walls depends on the weight and the materials. In order to minimize the cost, materials of the gravity retaining walls should be minimized, which mean that the section of gravity retaining walls must be reduced. The design starts by choosing the shape of gravity walls for which the stability of the wall is checked. To study the effect of shape on minimizing the weight or volume (Area) many sections were used. In the present work the result of a numerical analysis is presented. The results show that the rectangular retaining wall shape has a large volume which in turn it has a large weight equal to100 %from the total weight ,triangular shape has 73 % from the total weight, and trapezoidal shape has 52 % from the total weight with better stability against the soil which is the most economical shape of gravity retaining walls.

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Journal: International Journal of Innovative Science and Modern Engineering, Vol 5 , Issue 8.2018

Most of the construction materials research now concerns on investigation of construction materials that is locally produced at a rate and cost compatible with the pace of construction. The present paper is concerned with investigation of fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) produced from local available materials in JORDAN. The produced SCC contains the local stone cut waste powder which is called Al-KHAMKHA in JORDAN with different replacement of (0%, 10%, and 25%) of fine silica aggregate; the study also investigates the effects of SP33 super plasticizer which is used by different doses (1%, 1.5% and 2%) for cement. The slump flow and the compressive strength of SCC were studied and the experimental results indicate the possibility of using Al-KHAMKHA in the production of SCC as the results showed that the compressive strength of the SCC with 10 % replacement by al-khamkha together with 1% SP33 super plasticizer was higher compared to pure SCC without al-khamkha; the results also showed that as al-khamkha content increased the slump flow decreased.

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Journal: World Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2017, 5, 613-625