Arabic stemming is a technique that finds the stem or lexical root for Arabic words through the process of eliminating affixes attached to their roots. Many studies have been conducted to generate the stem of Arabic words according to the desirable level of analysis, i.e., rootbased approach, stem-based approach and statistical approach. Arabic language, which is the focus of this paper, is a Semitic language which means that it is a derivational rather than a concatinative language. In this paper we implemented an Arabic triliteral Morphological Analyser that is capable of analysing the classical and modern standard Arabic (MSA) effectively and able to analyse vowelised, semi-vowelised and nonvowelised text. the system is integratable with other applications. one shortcomming for the developed system is that the output obtained from the morphological analyser may contain several alternative solutions which leads to extraction ambiguity.

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Journal: California USA 2019 - Second International Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Industries

Predicting changes in air pollutant concentrations due to human and nature drivers are critical and challenging, particularly in areas with scant data inputs and high variability of parameters. This paper builds an Air Quality Index (AQI) model using Machine Learning algorithms and techniques. The paper employs Machine Learning Algorithms such as Decision Tree (DT), Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), Random Forest (RF) and Logistic Regression. The model can predict the most pollutant factors from real readings published daily by the Jordan Ministry of Environment (MoEnv) for the period from January 2017 to April 2019. Jordan has prioritized air quality problems by establishing detection and monitoring stations in 12 positions across the country to measure Air Quality (AQ). Pollutant concentrations recorded by MoEnv use fully forewarn official organizations and individuals of daily air quality in the atmosphere over time and beneficially used by health and climate studies organizations. The study has detected the most contaminated sites and determined the pollutant concentrations. These estimates will indicate the most influenced pollutants and their behavior in the pollution process for further recommendations and actions to effects cardiopulmonary patients, environmental and climate researches, as well as to vulnerable ecosystems.

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Journal: 9(9), September-2020

This paper proposes a new enhanced algorithm called modernised genetic algorithm for solving the travelling salesman problem (MGA-TSP). Recently, the most successful evolutionary algorithm used for TSP problem, is GA algorithm. The main obstacles for GA is building its initial population. Therefore, in this paper, three neighbourhood structures (inverse, insert, and swap) along with 2-opt is utilised to build strong initial population. Additionally, the main operators (i.e., crossover and mutation) of GA during the generation process are also enhanced for TSP. Therefore, powerful crossover operator called EAX is utilised in the proposed MGA-TSP to enhance its convergence. For validation purpose, we used TSP datasets, range from 150 to 33,810 cities. Initially, the impact of each neighbouring structure on the performance of MGA-TSP is studied. In conclusion, MGA-TSP achieved the best results. For comparative evaluation. MGA-TSP is able to outperform six comparative methods in almost all TSP instances used.

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Journal: 2019 Vol.11 No.3, pp.215 - 226

Text to speech (TTS) is a crucial tool needed in many domains, mainly for visually impaired users. The availability of TTS open sources improves access to computers and gives more valuable applications. eSpeak provides support for several languages. It is a tool that provides rules and phoneme files for more than 50 languages, besides, eSpeak is a light, fast, low memory consumption and used in multi-platforms. In this paper, we have explored the possibility to adapt the existing text to speech converters into Arabic language in eSpeak. We attempt to define new text to speech conversion rules, adapting existed phonemes and adding missing phonemes for Arabic under eSpeak. The contributions are quite significant; however, the software's developers will be able to integrated these enhancements within the new version, so that users who have problems with visual impairments or children with special needs will utilise this development of eSpeak. The availability of such support, open new fields to use Arabic in TTS environment, especially for blind persons.

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Journal: 2019 Vol.11 No.1, pp.76 - 89

Mixing languages together in text and in talking is a major feature in non-English languages in developing countries. This mixed grammar is also emerging in SMS, Facebook communication, searching the web and any future attempts also may increase the footprint of such a mixed language knowledge base. Traditional information retrieval (IR) and cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) systems do not exploit this natural human tendency as the underlying assumption is that user query is always monolingual. Accordingly, the majority of the text collections are either monolingual or multilingual. This paper explores the trends of mixed-language querying and writing. It also shows how the corpus is validated statistically and how an Arabic lexicon can be extracted using co-occurrence statistics. Results showed that the distribution of frequencies of words in the corpus is very skewed the vocabulary growth is a good fit. The results of how to handle mixed queries are also summarised.

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Journal: 11.3 (2020)

Translation from/to Arabic has been widely studied recently. This study focuses on the translation of Arabic as a source language (SL) to Malay as a target language (TL). The proposed prototype will be conducted to map the SL ”meaning”with the most equivalent translation in the TL. In this paper, we will investigate Arabic-Malay Machine Translation features (i.e., syntactic, semantic, and morphology), our proposed method aims at building a robust lexical Machine Translation prototype namely (AMMT). The paper proposes an ongoing research for building a successful Arabic-Malay MT engine. Human judgment and bleu evaluation have been used for evaluation purposes, The result of the first experiment prove that our system(AMMT) has outperformed several well-regarded MT systems by an average of 98, while the second experiment shows an average score of 1-gram, 2-gram and 3-gram as 0.90, 0.87 and 0.88 respectively. This result could be considered as a contribution to the domain of natural language processing (NLP).

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Journal: Vol. 13, No. 4 (2020)

Online education has positively influences student performance during universities lockdown nowadays due to COVID-19, in fact both educators and students have proven their ability to develop their teaching skills by emerging several technological tools. This article analyses the performance of two cohorts of students, the first cohort was taught traditionally while the other was taught online, the scope of this study is the students enrolled in programming languages at the Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology at Jerash University, the study was carried out between the years 2017 - 2020. 1210 students have participated in the study. This study investigates a comparative study between different methods of delivering programming-languages courses over the 3-year period, the study also aims to shed light on the impact of traditional methods on delivering computer-programming courses and how it could be improved by emerging a SCORM learning multimedia and other learning modules, activities and resources. Result shows that online delivering of courses with the use of SCORM and other tools improves students’ scores and performance slightly, the article concludes that emerging technology to learning can improve the students' creativity, understanding and performance overall.

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Journal: Vol. 14, No. 1 (2021)

solve the TSP problem, is the GA algorithm. One of the main obstacles for GA is building its initial population. When initiating the GA with a strong initial population, the convergence rate and the diversity aspect will be more stronger. Therefore, in this paper, a new local search mechanism based on three neighborhood structure operators (Inverse, Insert, and Swap) along with 2-opt is utilized. This adapted neighborhood structure operators are employed to generate the initial population for GA algorithm. In addition to building powerful initial population for TSP, the main operators (i.e., crossover and mutation) of GA during the generation process should be also enhanced for TSP. Therefore, the recent and powerful crossover operator called EAX is utilized in the proposed MGA-TSP to enhance its convergence behavior. In order to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm we used TSP datasets, have different complexities and sizes. The sizes of the dataset-cities, range from 150 to 33810 cities. Initially, the impact of each neighboring operator on the performance of the proposed algorithm is studied. In conclusion, our proposed method achieved the best results. For comparative evaluation, the results obtained from our proposed MGA-TSP method is compared with those obtained by six well-regard methods using the same TSP instances. The proposed method is able to outperform other comparative methods in almost all TSP instances used.

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Journal: International Journal of Reasoning-based Intelligent Systems

: Text to speech (TTS) is a crucial tool needed in many domains, mainly for visually impaired users. The availability of TTS open sources improves access to computers and gives more valuable applications. eSpeak provides support for several languages. It is a tool that provides rules and phoneme files for more than 50 languages, besides, eSpeak is a light, fast, low memory consumption and used in multi-platforms. In this paper, we have explored the possibility to adapt the existing text to speech converters into Arabic language in eSpeak. We attempt to define new text to speech conversion rules, adapting existed phonemes and adding missing phonemes for Arabic under eSpeak. The contributions are quite significant; however, the software's developers will be able to integrated these enhancements within the new version, so that users who have problems with visual impairments or children with special needs will utilise this development of eSpeak. The availability of such support, open new fields to use Arabic in TTS environment, especially for blind persons.

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Journal: International Journal of Reasoning-based Intelligent Systems, 2019 Vol.11 No.1

Multi-level encryption approaches are becoming more popular as they combine the strength of multiple basic/traditional approaches into a complex one. Many multilevel encryption approaches have been introduced for different systems, like Internet of Things, sensor networks, big data, and the web. The main obstacles in building such approaches are to have a secure as well as a computationally efficient multi-level encryption approach. In this paper, we propose a computationally efficient multi-level encryption framework that combines the strength of symmetric, the encryption algorithm AES (Advance Encryption Standard), Feistel network, Genetic Algorithm’s Crossover and Mutation techniques, and HMAC. The framework was evaluated and compared to a set of benchmark symmetric encryption algorithms, such as RC5, DES, and 3-DES. The evaluation was carried out on an identical platform and the algorithms were compared using the throughput and running time performance metrics and Avalanche effect security metric. The results show that the proposed framework can achieve the highest throughput and the lowest running time compared to the considered benchmarked symmetric encryption algorithms and passes the avalanche effect criterion.

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Journal: Vol. 9, No. 4, 2018