Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Ti NPs) are widely used in many commercial products, nanomedicine, agriculture, personal care products, different industries and pharmaceutical preparations with potential risk in human health and the environment. The current work was conducted to investigate the renal damage that might be induced by the acute toxicity TiO2 NPs. A total of 40 healthy male adult Wistar albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were exposed to TiO2 NPs (126, 252, 378 mg/kg bw) for 24 and 48 h. Fresh portions of the kidneys from each rat were processed for histological and histochemical alterations. In comparison with respective control rats, exposure to TiO2 NPs has marked the following glomerular, tubular and interstitial alterations including the followings: glomerular congestion, Bowman's capsule swelling and dilatation, inflamed glomeruli, renal tubules cloudy swelling, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, congestion, necrosis, hydropic degeneration, dilatation and congestion of blood vessels, hyaline droplets and hyaline casts precipitation, interstitial edema and fibrosis. From the findings of the current work one may conclude that TiO2 NPs are capable of inducing kidney damage with more insulation in the cortex and the proximal convoluted tubules than the medulla and the distal ones respectively. In addition, it might be concluded that renal damage induced by these nanomaterials is dose and duration of exposure dependent. Further hematological, biochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultra-structural studies are recommended.

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Journal: 37(3):1049-1057, 2019

We report the whole ram genome of Jordanian Awassi (Ovis aries), screened using the power of Illumina HiSeq sequencing technology, providing insights into the ram's genomic structure. Generated data will help in the assessment of naturally occurring genetic variation and population structure of this sheep breed using different structure variation markers. Also, it will help in the established markertrait associations that can be used in marker-assisted breeding for qualitative and quantitative productive traits. A total of 23,812,247 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) were identified, of which 177,117 (0.74%) were in the coding regions, as well as 3.77 million insertions/deletions and 3357 frame-shifting mutations in the coding region. The re-sequencing revealed 38,900 structure variation types distributed along genome, including 45 insertions and 16,643 deletions types. Also, there were 13,689 copy number variations, of which 3743 were up-regulated, and 9946 were down-regulated. These results will help in describing SNPs and the distribution of structural variations types used in genetic mapping and breeding programs of sheep breeds.

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Journal: Genet. Mol. Res. 19(2): GMR18577

There is considerable evidence that family psycho-education when combined with pharmacological intervention for patients with schizophrenia increases family understanding of the illness, reduces burden of care& strength coping strategies and in turn enhance quality of their patients‘ life and outcomes. Aim of the study: is to investigate effectiveness of psych education intervention for family caregivers of schizophrenics on their burden and coping process and their patients‘ quality of life Design: An intervention quasi-experimental research design with pre-post assessment was utilized in this study. Setting: the study was conducted at the outpatient clinics of Gamal Abou ElAzayem psychiatric Hospital in 10th of Ramadan city, Egypt. Subjects: 69 schizophrenic patients and their caregivers. Tools: The data were collected using an interview questionnaire forms that included 1) Socio-demographic characteristics for caregivers and their schizophrenic patients, 2) The Caregiver Burden Scale .3) The Coping Process Scale, and 4) The Lehman Quality of Life Interview Scale Results: The results showed that the caregivers of schizophrenic patients suffer considerable burdens with low QOL among their patients. Caregivers' burden and coping are more related to patients' personal and disease characteristics at the pre and post intervention phases. Conclusion: The implementation of the psycho educational intervention was effective in decreasing caregivers' burden, and in improving their problem-focused and emotion-focused coping which led to significant improvements in patients' QOL, Recommendation: The study recommends continuity of such psycho-education intervention on a long term basis to confirm its effectiveness along with providing mental health counselling, and developing support for family caregivers of schizophrenics.

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Journal: Vol 9 , Issue 10 , INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING DIDACTICS

A phytochemical investigation of the stem bark of Calophyllum canum resulted in the isolation of a new xanthone dimer identified as biscaloxanthone (1), together with four compounds; trapezifoliaxanthone (2), trapezifolixanthone A (3), taraxerone (4) and taraxerol (5). The structures of these compounds were determined via spectroscopic methods of IR, UV, MS and NMR (1D and 2D). The cytotoxicity of compounds 1-3 were screened against A549, MCF-7, C33A and 3T3L1 cell lines, wherein weak cytotoxic activities were observed (IC50 > 50 μm).

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Journal: Z Naturforsch C J Biosci . 2020 Sep 15;/j/znc.ahead-of-print/znc-2020-0089/znc-2020-0089.xml.

Background: Caffeine is the most consumed psychostimulant in the world that is found in numerous foods and drinks with coffee and tea have the highest concentration of caffeine per weight. Caffeine has a number of reported physiological benefits and clinical uses such as coma recovery. Caffeine can prove dangerous and its consumption, the amount in foods and drinks should be closely monitored, by the Food and Drug Administration. Material and Methods: The availability of sensitive, reliable, and simple testing methods with rapid turnover time is essential for testing any laboratories. In this manuscript, we describe the development and validation of a simple, sensitive and economical high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with ultraviolet detection for the quantification of the amount of caffeine in different beverages. Results: HPLC method was validated and tested to measure caffeine contents in different beverages that showed high precision, reliability, and sensitivity that makes it suitable for routine measurement of caffeine as well as other therapeutic or chemicals in liquid forms. Conclusions: The proposed method recovered caffeine without the need for any extraction step for recovering the caffeine from the formulation excipients matrices, therefore decreased the degree of error, time for estimation of caffeine and the overall cost of the analysis.

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Journal: Electron J Gen Med 2019;16(6):em166

Objective Despite the availability of well characterized and scientifically proven medicines, many people prefer the use of the less known herbal therapies that have no-scientific or evidence-based values as their first line of treatment. While this represents a growing worldwide issue, it is commonly practiced in developing countries including Saudi Arabia. Hence, the aim of the present study is to assess the prevalence of herbal medicine use, the most reported side effects and influencing factors in Saudi Arabia. Design A community based cross sectional survey study. Settings Participants were recruited by convenience sampling method from local malls and family recreation sites. Main outcome measures Prevalence of herbal medicine use and the associated risks. Results Out of the 1300 surveyed individuals, 1226 respondents (94 %) used herbal medicines for therapeutic purposes with the majority of the respondents using them based on traditional beliefs 699 (57 %) or family recommendations 417 (34 %). Young respondents <35 year olds who live in urban cities, showed a significantly better knowledge about herbal medicines use and the associated risks than their counterparts (p < 0.001). Despite the high percentage of reported side effects (46 %), more than half of the respondents 702 (54 %) use herbal medicines as their first line of therapy. However, the most reported reasons for the use of herbal medicine are the belief that they are safer, more effective and cheaper to buy than the standard medicines. Conclusion There is a high prevalence use of non-scientifically proven herbal medicine and a low level of knowledge about their risks amongst participants.

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Journal: Complementary Therapies in Medicine Volume 48, January 2020, 102255

Objectives The increasing prevalence of herbal medicine use is a global public health concern. Critically, many women continue to use herbal medicines during pregnancy despite potential maternofetal risks. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with herbal medicine use during pregnancy in Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between February and May 2017. An Arabic-language 33-item survey assessing herbal medicine use was designed and distributed to 879 random women attending outpatient clinics at governmental and private hospitals in Hail, Saudi Arabia. Only women who were pregnant or had been pregnant in the previous 10 years were included. Results The mean age of the participants was 29.5 years, with 49% under 30 years old. Overall, 33% of the respondents claimed to have used herbal medicines during pregnancy. The most common reasons for doing so were to improve lactation (73%), improve the course of the pregnancy (56%) and facilitate labour (49%). Women who worked full-time and those with high school diplomas or above were significantly more likely to use herbal medicines during pregnancy (P <0.001 each). Conclusion To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to determine the prevalence and associated factors of herbal medicine use during pregnancy in Hail. The results showed a high prevalence of herbal medicine use among pregnant women in the region. Healthcare providers should therefore ensure that patients disclose the use of herbal medicines during pregnancy to avoid treatment complications or adverse herb-drug interactions.

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Journal: Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2020 Feb; 20(1): e71–e76.

Journal: Vol. 14, No. 3; 2020

ABSTRACT It was clearly observed that the temperature in summer period raised every year due to global warming and climate change, this created new problem to keep comfort temperature inside the residential buildings ,which required additional energy to use for mechanical air-conditions and ventilations. External walls in the residential buildings playing major roll to transfer temperature from outside to inside buildings throw building external wall materials. This paper provides overview of insulation materials and used in the external walls to reduce heat flux throw external walls in the summer and loss heat as well in the winter. In the commercial markets there are many of insulation materials where you can confuse to choose the appropriate material for your region and efficiency of materials used in the construction. In this paper we will review construction types of external walls in Jordan and check U- Value, study the climate changes for last five years in Jordan and looking for statistics of energy has been spent , also we will illustrate for basic requirements of evaluation of performance insulation materials, technical requirement and compare it with new proposals. This paper is searching only in the residential sector where the area and size of the buildings are limited.

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Journal: Volume 9, Issue 10(International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)

Journal: Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences Volume 12 Issue 20